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Culturing objective and curriculum system for rural order directed free medical students were proposed scientifically and detail measure in designing general course module , basic course module, clinical course module, preventive care course module and professional practice module were put forward based on the analysis of guiding ideology of training rural order directed free medical educational talents.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate antibiotic resistance in nosocomial infections with Acinetobacter baumannii from lower respiratory tract in the intensive care unit(ICU) and guide clinically rational use of drug.METHODS Antibiotics susceptibility tests in 109 clinical isolates of A.baumannii from lower respiratiory tract were performed by K-B disk diffusion method.The results were judged according to CLSI 2007.As controls,standard strain was used simultaneously.RESULTS The sensitivity rate to cefoperazone/sulbactam was the highest,arriving at 77.1% and followed by imipenem(57.8%) and meropenem(54.9%).The other antibiotics were below 50.0%,generally.The serious cross-resistance phenomenon was in present.Pan-resistant strains had been detected.CONCLUSIONS The drug-resistant status in nosocomial infections with A.baumannii from lower respiratory tract in ICU is very serious.We should continue to strengthen the monitoring of the antibiotic resistance and prevent the outbreak epidemics of drug resistant strains in ICU.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial infection pathogens in ICU from 2005 to 2008.METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility test of 850 clinical isolates were carried out by means of K-B method.RESULTS Among 850 isolates,Gram-negative bacilli,Gram-positive cocci and fungi accounted for 68.9%,15.8% and 15.3%,respectively.ESBLs-producing strains accounted for 50% and 55.4% in E.coli and Klebsiella spp.MRS was detected in 82.7% of Staphylococcus.Imipenem and meropenem were the most active agents against strains of Enterobacteriaceae,Acinetobacter spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.No VRE or VRS strains were detected.CONCLUSIONS Gram-negative bacilli are the most frequent organisms in ICU.It is necessary to conduct drug resistance supervision of nosocomial infection pathogens in ICU and take measures to control nosocomial infection spread.
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OBJECTIVE Through detecting to drug susceptibility results of 12 commonly used antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE),we provide the scientific basis for the prevention of infection and reasonable choice of antibiotics. METHODS Twelve antibiotics′ susceptibility tests in vitro were carried out in PAE isolated from lower respiratory tract in Renming Hospital,Wuhan University from Jan 2007 to Dec 2008. RESULTS In the anti-infective drugs,the resistance rate to ceftazidime was the lowest (36.8%),followed by amikacin (39.6%),piperacillin/tazobactam (43.8%),cefepime (47.8%) and cefoperazone/sulbactam (48.5%).The resistant status of PAE was serious and multi-drug resistance existed. CONCLUSIONS The lower respiratory tract infection caused by PAE which possesses single and multiple drug-resistance. We should more think of it and strengthen preventive measures to reduce the rate of infection. Reasonably prudent use of antibiotics is still the best way of delaying its rapid increase of drug-resistance strains.
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[Objective] To discuss mechanism of FS-1272 eye drops on cataract of rats induced by D-galactose.[Method]By using the model of cataract of rats induced by D-galactose to determine the content of SOD,CAT,GSH-px,MDA in lens.[Result]FS-1272 eye drops can increase the activities of SOD,CAT,GSH-px and decrease the content of MDA.[Conclusion]FS-1272 eye drops have the effect of delaying the generation and development of cataract by alleviating the extent of oxidative injury of lens.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate clinical status,distribution of the genera,and risk factors of pneumonia caused by fungi in hospitalized senile patients.METHODS The notices of hospitalized senile patients from Jan 2000 to Apr 2003 were analyzed according to Diagnosis Standard of Nosocomial Infection published by National Ministry of Health.RESULTS Totally 135 cases were collected.The isolating ratio of Candida albicans ranked first(54.8%),followed by C.tropicalis(20.0%).The risk factors included underlying diseases,invasive surgical procedure,and prolonged hormones and antibiotics therapy.CONCLUSIONS To prevent and control pneumonia caused by fungi in hospitalized senile patients,the measures such as curing the underlying diseases,reducing invasive surgical procedures,and using antibiotics reasonably should be adopted.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the changing pattern of clinical pathogens and the antibiotic resistance.METHODS The statistics of MRSA and MSSA isolated clinically in Hubei Province during from 2002 to 2005 was collected and analyzed.RESULTS The resistance rate of MRSA to various antibiotics was higher than that of MSSA.The resistance rate of MRSA to tetracyclines decreased yearly.CONCLUSIONS Multidrug resistance of MRSA to the most antibiotics is not improving.Vancomycin possesses the strongest activity for MRSA.However,the resistance of MSSA to the most antibiotics is improving.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate whether efflux mechanism is involved in fluoroquinolone-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in China. METHODS We compared the ciprofloxacin accumulation in clinically isolated K. pneumoniae with or without CCCP by fluorospectrophotometry. Use reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the mRNA expression level of acrAB-tolC efflux gene. RESULTS The accumulation of ciprofloxacin in resistant strains was lower than that in susceptible ones, and it could increase to a high level nearly to the susceptible strains. The mRNA level of efflux gene acrA was higher in resistant strains than in susceptible ones. CONCLUSIONS Efflux mechanism is associated with the resistance to fluroquinolones in K. pneumoniae strains isolated in China and CCCP can inhibit its active efflux mechanism , which provides a sensitive method to detect the active efflux system of K. pneumoniae.
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OBJECTIVE To determine pathogens and drug resistance of lower respiratory tract infection in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU and to provide the reference for clinical prevention and treatment.(METHODS) The ages,underlying diseases,pathogens distribution and resistance rate of Gram-negative bacteria of 110 cases patients receiving mechanical ventilation and being complicated lower respiratory tract infection in ICU were investigated.RESULTS Totally 110 strains of pathogens were isolated by bacterial culturing.The ratio of the Gram-negative bacteria to total bacteria isolated was 72.7%(80 strains) and of the Gram-positive bacteria was(18.2%)(19 strains),of the fungi was 10%(11 strains),among them the Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributed the majority,and ESBLs accounted for 38.8%,MRSA contributed 31.6% in Staphylococcus.Multidrug-(resistance) of Gram-negative bacteria to antimicrobial agents was serious.CONCLUSIONS Gram-negative bacteria are the majority of the pathogens,isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infection in ICU receiving mechanical ventilation.It is suggested that there be urgent need for surveillance of bacterial resistance and rational use of antimicrobial(agents) during clinical therapy.
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Objective To evaluated the treatment results of late-course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods 72 patients with advanced esophageal cancer were randomized into two groups. The late-course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy(LCAF+CT)group received the induction chemotherapy for two cycles, followed by conventional fractionation radiotherapy to a dose of 36 Gy, then changed into accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy to a total dose of 60 ~ 66 Gy. The conventional fractionation radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy(CF+CT)group received the chemotherapy that it was similar to LCAF+CT group, and used the conventional fractionation radiotherapy to a total dose of 60 ~ 66 Gy. Results The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 82.3 %, 51.6 %, 38.2 % in the LCAF+CT group, and 73.8 %, 31.5 %, 18.6 % in the CF+CT group. The differences of 3- and 5-year survival rates were statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion Late-coures accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy might improve the treatment efficacy of advanced esophageal cancer and lengthen the suvival time. The toxic and side effects of LCAF+CT group were more severe than those of CF+CT group, but they were well tolerable.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and characteristics of drug-resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) causing lower respiratory infection, for rational using of antibiotics in clinical practice. METHODS A retrospective analysis on S. aureus isolates and their drug-resistance characteristics were carried out. These strains were isolated from lower respiratory specimens in clinical laboratory of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan 2007 to Dec 2007. RESULTS Among 94 strains, 69 were meticillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA), accounting for 73.40%. All MRSA strains were resistant to penicillin G, while sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. Resistant rate to chloramphenicol was 7.24 %. The average resistance rate of MRSA to quinolones, macrolides and aminoglycosides were relatively high (56.52-98.55%). And resistant rate of MRSA was higher than the meticillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) in average level. CONCLUSIONS Hospitals at all levels are proposed to strengthen drug resistance supervising so as to prevent the infection breaks.
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OBJECTIVE To study the distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial infection pathogens isolated from of lower respiratory tract in senile patients and preventive control measures.METHODS The sputum and lower respiratory tract secretion of 594 senile patients were cultured to detect pathogens which were confirmed by routine methods.Disk diffusion test was used to analyze drug resistance.RESULTS Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the top one(21.2%).The drug resistance of Gram-negative organisms were the highest.Extensive-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBLs) were tested out with 38.2% occurrence.CONCLUSIONS Strictly control in every step of procedures could reduce nosocomial infection.
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OBJECTIVE To understand drug susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) in the local region,and provide the scientific basement for the clinical use of antibiotic.METHODS The clinical specimens of 1108 cases were detected by bioM?rieux Mycoplasma IST2 kit.RESULTS The total positive detection rate of Uu was 54.24%(61.17% in female and 23.53% in male).Antibiotics susceptibility was as followed: josamycin(JOS) 99.00%,doxycycline(DOT) 98.17%,ofloxacin(OFL) 20.63%,erythromycin(ERY) 76.20%,tetracycline(TET) 96.84%,ciprofloxacin(CIP) 3.49%,azithromycin(AZI) 76.87%,clarithromycin(CLA) 87.35%,and pristinamycin(PRI) 99.67%.CONCLUSIONS The infection rate of Uu in the local region is higher than that in the other region of the country.And infection rate in female is significantly higher than that in male.
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Objective To explore antibiotics resistance profiles and DNA fingerprints of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates resistant to imipenem (IRPA). Methods DNA fingerprints of 56 strains isolated from ICU (intensive care unit) were constructed by ERIC-PCR (enterobacter repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR). MICs (minimal inhibitory concentrations) were determined by agar dilution method.Results 33 genotypes were got from 56 strains by ERIC-PCR. Of 8 frequently used antibiotics, 5 of them showed resistance rate higher than 50%. Conclusion It is high time to pay attention to multi-drug resistance of IRPA. The exist of prevalence of IRPA clone in ICU advise us to control of IRPA in hospital effectively.
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Objective To investigate the protein expressions of E-cadherin and ?-,?-catenin in breast cancers and their lymph-node metastatic tumors to evaluate their possible role in breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Methods High sensitive S-P immunohistochemical method was used to detect the protein expressions of E-cadherin and ?-,?-catenin in 60 breast cancers(31cases with lymphatic metastasis) and their lymph-node metastatic tumors. Results The abnormal expression rates of the E-cadherin and ?-,?-catenin were 51 7%, 61 7%, 70% respectively in the 60 cases of breast cancers. The expression of E-cadherin was significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis(P